Fluid Mechanics
“Fluid mechanics is that branch of science which deals with the behaviour of the fluids at rest as well as in motion.”
For example:
- Water in a beaker or held against a dam
- Water flowing in canal or big rivers
Branches of Fluid Mechanics
Fluid mechanics can be classified into three branches.
1. Fluid statics:
“Fluid statics in this branch of
fluid mechanics in which we deal with the behaviour of fluid at rest.”
a) Water placed
inside a beaker or held against Dam
For example:
b) Water in deep
oceans
2. Fluid Dynamics
“Fluid dynamics is the branch of
fluid mechanics that deals with the behaviour of fluid in motion when a force
is applied.”
For example:
a) Water flowing
in canals due to gravity or pressure difference
b) Water flowing in rivers due to gravity or pressure difference
3. Fluid Kinematics
“It is the branch of fluid mechanics that
deals with the behaviour of fluid in motion without considering the force in
action”
For example:
a) Water flowing
in canals {irrespective of forces making it happen}
b) Water flowing
in rivers
Fluids
“Fluids are the materials that
continue to deform at a very small amount of shear.” They take the shape of
container in which they are kept. All the liquids and gases are the example of
fluid
Types of fluid
Fluids can be classified into Following types
1. Ideal Fluid
“A fluid which is in-compressible and has no viscosity is known as ideal fluid.” it is an imaginary fluid as all existing fluids have viscosity
2. Real Fluid
“Real fluids are those fluids that produce resistance against motion i.e they have a decent amount of viscosity and surface tension.” They can be compressed to a certain amount. All existing fluids are the example of real fluid
3. Newtonian Fluid
"A real fluid that follow the newton's law of viscosity(i.e. τ ∝ du/dy) is known as Newtonian fluid."
Examples of Newtonian fluid are water, kerosene, gasoline etc.
4. Non Newtonian Fluid
"A real fluid that does not follow the newton's law of viscosity(i.e. τ ∝ du/dy) is known as Non-Newtonian Fluid."
Examples of Non-Newtonian fluid are blood, molten polymers, ketchup etc.
